Journal Articles

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) analysis of ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) under applied electrical excitation: A case study of Pt- and Pd-IPMCs
J. Lee, J. H. Lee, and K. J. Kim. [PDF]

Scalable DICOM 3D-printed phantoms mimicking marine mammal bone and soft tissue
D. Fisher, N. Minaian, A. McClain, and K. J. Kim. Scientific Reports 5929 (2026) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

Tensile modeling PVC gels for electrohydraulic actuators
J. A. Faccinto, J. Lee, and K. J. Kim. Polymers 17(19), 2641 (2025) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

Effects of membrane surface pretreatment on ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) actuation and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) analysis
J. H. Lee, J. Lee, J. A. Faccinto, and K. J Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 34(9), 09518 (2025) [PDF] [DOI]

Ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC) as a flexible capacitor: a COMSOL multiphysics study
L. Napollion, J. Lee, J. A. Faccinto, and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 34(8), 085020 (2025) [PDF] [DOI]

Ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) as a flexible capacitor: an experimental study
L. Napollion and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 33(12),125009 (2024) [PDF] [DOI]

Functionally antagonistic polyelectrolyte for electro-ionic soft actuator
V. H. Nguyen, S. Oh, M. Mahato, R. Tabassian, H. Yoo, S.-G. Lee, M. Garai, K. J. Kim, and I.-K. Oh. Nature Communications volume 15(1), 435 (2024) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

Modular Expandable 3D Printer
K. J. Kim, A. Washington, E. Chao, J. Neubauer, S. Leon, Z. Frank, and Z. Olsen. US Patent 12162218 Awarded December 10, 2024.

Actuation Behavior of Hydraulically Amplified Self-Healing Electrostatic (HASEL) Actuator via Dimensional Analysis
A. Washington, J. Su, and K. J. Kim. Actuators 12(5), 208 (2023) [DOI]

Soft component technology and application for soft robotics
Y. Cha, K. J. Kim, S. W. Kim, and H Lee. Intelligent Service Robotics 17(1-2), (2024) [PDF] [DOI]

Electrochemical Performance of Ionic Polymer Metal Composite under Tensile Loading
L. Napollion and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 32(9), 095025 (2023) [PDF] [DOI]

Multiphysics Modeling Framework for Soft PVC Gel Sensors with Experimental Comparisons
J. Neubauer and K. J. Kim. Polymers 15(4), 864 (2023) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

Tunable polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based soft polymer gel sensors
J. Neubauer, H. J. Cho, and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 31(11), 115025 (2022) [PDF] [DOI]

A physics-based modeling of a hydraulically amplified electrostatic actuator
A. Washington, Z. J. Olsen, J. Su, and K. J. Kim. Journal of Physics Communications 6(8), 085007 (2022) [PDF] [DOI]

On the mechanism of performance improvement of electroactive polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel actuators via conductive fillers
Z. Frank and K. J. Kim. Scientific Reports 12(1), 10316 (2022) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

Nonlinear modeling and control of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel actuators
M. Al-Rubaiai, X. Qi, Z. Frank, R. Tsuruta, U. Gandhi, K. J. Kim, and X. Tan. IEEE 27(4), 2168-2175 (2022) [PDF] [DOI]

Li-ion storage in orthorhombic hydrated sodium molybdate with oxygen-vacancy defects
T. L. Nguyen, T. N. Vo, V. D. Phung, K. Ayalew, D. Chun, A. T. Luu, Q. H. Nguyen, K. J. Kim, I. T. Kim, J. Moon. Chemical Engineering Journal 446, 137174 (2022) [PDF] [DOI]

A study of electroactive polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel actuators through the use of the electric modulus formalism and cyclic linear voltage sweeps
Z. Frank, M. Al-Rubaiai, X. Tan, and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 31(3), 035020 (2022) [PDF] [DOI]

Approximate field measures for ionic polymer-metal composite materials and a simplified order-of-magnitude actuator model
Z. J. Olsen and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 31(2), 025029 (2022) [PDF] [DOI]

Fabrication of Ionic/Polyimide Membranes
K. J. Kim, D.-C. Lee, J. Nam, and T. S. Hwang. US Patent 11,312,851 Awarded April 26, 2022.

Characterizing the transduction behavior of ionic polymer-metal composite actuators and sensors via dimensional analysis
Z. J. Olsen and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 31(2), 025014 (2022) [PDF] [DOI]

A study of mechanoelectrical transduction behavior in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel as smart sensors
J. Neubauer, Z. J. Olsen, Z. Frank, T. Hwang, and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 31(1), 015010 (2022) [PDF] [DOI]

A hyperelastic porous media framework for ionic polymer-metal composite actuators and sensors: thermodynamically consistent formulation and nondimensionalization of the field equations
Z. Olsen and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 30(9), 095024 (2021) [PDF] [DOI]

Tailored synthesis of molybdenum-selenide/selenium/sodium-molybdate hybrid composites as a promising anode for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries
T. L. Nguyen*, V. D. Phung, K. Ayalew, D. Chun, I. T. Kim, K. J. Kim, J. Moon. Chemical Engineering Journal 415(1), 128813 (2021) [PDF] [DOI]

Thermo-mechanical response of the twisted and coiled polymer actuator (TCPA): a finite element analysis (FEA)
R. Hunt, Z. Olsen, and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 30(6), 065017 (2021) [PDF] [DOI]

Control-Oriented Nonlinear Modeling of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Gel Actuators
M. Al-Rubaiai*, X. Qi, Z. Frank, R. Tsurta, U. Gandhi, K. J. Kim , and X. Tan**. AACC 2021 Modeling, Estimation and Control Conference, October 24-27, 2021, Online and UT Austin, USA (**X. Tan of MSU is the corresponding author) – *Best Student Paper Gold Award. [Science Direct; IFAC PapersOnLine 54-20 (2021) 304–309; 10.1016/j.ifacol 2021

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite (IPMC) Artificial Muscles in Underwater Environments: Review of Actuation, Sensing, Controls, and Applications to Soft Robotics
N. Minaian, Z. J. Olsen, and K. J. Kim. Bioinspired Sensing, Actuation, and Control in Underwater Soft Robotic Systems (eds. D. A. Paley and N. M. Wereley) Springer, Cham (2021). [PubMed]

Soft actuators and their potential applications in rehabilitative devices
Alexandrea Washington, Justin Neubauer, and Kwang J. Kim. Soft Robotics in Rehabilitation (eds. Amir Jafari and Nafiseh Ebrahimi) Chapter 3, Academic Press, 2021, pp. 89-110, ISBN 9780128185384. [PubMed]

Developing Next Generation Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Materials: Perspectives for Enabling Robotics and Biomimetics
Z. Olsen, K. J. Kim, and I.-K. Oh. Polymer International 70(1), 7-9 (2021)  [PDF] [DOI]

Multidirectional Cylindrical Piezoelectric Force Sensor: Design and Experimental Validation
Y. R. Lee, J. Neubauer, K. J. Kim, and Y. Cha. Sensors 20(17), 4840 (2020) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

Sulfur‐ and Nitrogen‐Rich Porous π‐Conjugated COFs as Stable Electrode Materials for Electro‐Ionic Soft Actuators
M. Mahato, R. Tabassian, V. H. Nguyen, S. Oh, S. Nam, K. J. Kim, and I.‐K. Oh. Advanced Functional Materials 30, 2003863 (2020) [PDF] [DOI]

Basic design of a biomimetic underwater soft robot with switchable swimming modes and programmable artificial muscles
Q. Shen , Z. Olsen, T. Stalbaum, S. Trabia, J. Lee, R. Hunt, K. J. Kim, J. Kim, and I.-K. Oh. Smart Materials and Structures 9(3), 035038 (2020) [PDF] [DOI]

Functional Coatings Enhancing Condenser Performance
K. J. Kim, B. J. Zhang, and H. Yoon. US Patent 10,525,504 (2020); Japan Patent 6,538,651 (2019)

3D-printing and machine learning control of soft ionic polymer-metal composite actuators
J. D. Carrico, T. Hermans, K. J. Kim, and K. K. Leang. Scientific Reports 9:17482 (2019) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

Design and modeling of a new biomimetic soft robotic jellyfish using IPMC-based electroactive polymers
Z. Olsen and K. J. Kim. Frontiers in Robotics and AI 6:112 (2019) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

High-performance polyvinyl chloride gel artificial muscle actuator with graphene oxide and plasticizer
T. Hwang, Z. Frank, J. Neubauer, and K. J. Kim. Scientific Reports 9:9658 (2019) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

A soft-robotic Harbor Porpoise pectoral fin driven by coiled polymer actuators as artificial muscles
R. Hunt, S. Trabia, Z. Olsen, and K. J. Kim. Advanced Intelligent Systems 1(4),1900028 (2019) [PDF] [DOI]

Non-Einstein viscosity phenomenon of acrylonitrile−butadiene−styrene composites containing lignin−polycaprolactone particulates highly dispersed by high-shear stress
S.-H. Kim, K. Choi, H. R. Choi, T. Kim, J. Suhr, K. J. Kim, H. J. Choi, and J.-D Nam. ACS Omega 10;4(6), 10036-10043 (2019) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

Ionic polymer metal composites for use as an organic electrolyte supercapacitor
 P.-C. Lee, J. E. Hyun, S. K. Jeoung, J.-D. Nam, T. Hwang, K. J. Kim, and K. C. Solasa. Smart Materials and Structures 28, 054003 (2019) [PDF] [DOI]

Cathodic electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of phenylenediaminemodified graphene oxide (GO) for anti-corrosion protection of metal surfaces
M.-J. Hwang, M.-G. Kim, S. Kim, Y. C. Kim, H. W. Seo, J. K. Cho, I.-K. Park, J. Suhr, H. Moon, J. C. Koo, H. R. Choi, K. J. Kim, Y. Tak, and J.-D. Nam.  Carbon 142, 68-77 (2019) [PDF] [DOI]

Formation of a gold nanoparticle layer for the electrodes of ionic polymer–metal composites by electroless deposition process
J. M. Byun, T. Hwang, and K. J. Kim. Applied Polymer Science 470, 8-12 (2019) [PDF] [DOI]

Collectively Exhaustive Electrodes Based on Covalent Organic Framework and Antagonistic Co-Doping for Electroactive Ionic Artificial Muscles
S. Roy, J. Kim, M. Kotal, R. Tabassian, K. J. Kim, and I.-K. Oh. Advanced Functional Materials 29(17), 1900161 (2019) [PDF] [DOI]

Mechanoelectric transduction of ionic polymer-graphene composite sensor with ionic liquid as electrolyte
Q. He, D. Vokoun, T. Stalbaum, K. J. Kim, A. Fedorchenko, X. Zhou, M. Yu, and Z. Dai. Sensors & Actuators: A. Physical 286, 68-77 (2019) [PDF] [DOI]

Synthesis, characterization, and kinetic study of activated carbon modified by polysulfide rubber coating for aqueous hexavalent chromium removal
S. Mortazavian, A. Saber, J. Hong, J.-H. Bae, D. Chun, N. Wong, D. Gerrity, J. Batista, K. J. Kim, and J. Moon.  J. of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 69,196-210 (2019) [PDF] [DOI]

Active Catheter Driven by Hybrid Actuation: Experimental and Modeling Results
J. Neubauer, T. Stalbaum, and K. J. Kim. 2019 16th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots (UR), submission number 24 2019

Heat Dissipating Plate Device for Light Emitting Diode, Head Lamp for Automobile and Method for Preparing the Same
B. Cho, Y. K. Kim, B. J. Zhang, and K. J. Kim. South Korea Patent #10-1786658; China Patent CN 106152002 B China granted August 09, 2019.

Modelling and experimental study for PVC gel actuators
Z. Frank, Z. Olsen, T. Hwang, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the ASME 2019 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (DSCC 2019-9100), October 9-11, 2019, Park City, UT, USA 2019

Surface wettability effect on nucleate pool boiling heat transfer with titanium oxide (TiO2) coated heating surface
K. Yim, J. Lee, B. Naccarato, and K. J. Kim. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 133, 352-358 (2019) [PDF] [DOI]

Electroactive Artificial Muscles Based on Functionally Antagonistic Core-Shell Polymer Electrolyte Derived from PS-b-PSS Block Copolymer
V. H. Nguyen, J. Kim, R. Tabassian, M. Kotal, K. Jun, J. -H. Oh, J.-M. Son, M. T. Manzoor, K. J. Kim, and I.-K. Oh. Advanced Science 6(5):1801196 (2018) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

A robotic multiple-shape-memory ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC) actuator: modeling approach
Q. Shen, T. Stalbaum, N. Minaian, I.-K. Oh, and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 28(1), 015009 (2019) [PDF] [DOI]

A reduced dimensional mapping approach for modeling IPMCs with computational efficiency and rapid design development Applications
Z. Olsen and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 27(12), 125012 (2018) [PDF] [DOI]

Behavior of an Evaporating Water Droplet on Lubricant-impregnated Nanostructured Surface
B. J. Zhang, K. J. Kim, and C. Y. Lee. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 96, 216-223 (2018) [PDF] [DOI]

Mechanical properties and flame retardancy of surface modified magnesium oxysulfate (5Mg(OH)2∙∙MgSO4∙3H2O) whisker for polypropylene composites
 E.-S. Kim, Y. C. Kim, J. Park, Y. Kim, S.-H. Kim, K. J. Kim, J. Suhr, Y. Lee, S. H. Lee, D.-S. Kim, S.-H. Kim, J.-H. Kim, I.-K. Park, and J.-D. Nam. Journal of Materiomics 4(2),149-156 (2018) [PDF] [DOI]

Nanoplatelet reinforcement of cavity cell walls in polymer foams using carbon dioxide supercritical fluid
H. W. Seo, Y. J. Kim, S. Kim, J. Park, K. Choi, I.-K. Park, T. Kim, J. Suhr, K. J. Kim, and J.-D. Nam. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 135 (33), 46615 (2018) [PDF] [DOI]

Understanding the Thermal Properties of Precursor-Ionomers to Optimize Fabrication Processes for Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (IPMCs)
S. Trabia, K. Choi, Z. Olsen, T. Hwang, J.-D. Nam, and K. J. Kim. Materials 11(5), 665 (2018) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

Mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of PLA/PCL films
H. Jeong, J. Rho, J.-Y. Shin, D. Y. Lee, T. Hwang, and K. J. Kim. Biomedical Engineering Letters 8(3):267-272 (2018) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

Self-standing and shape-memorable UV-curing epoxy polymers for three-dimensional (3D) continuous-filament printing
H. Sun, Y. Kim, Y. C. Kim, I. K. Park, J. Suhr, D. Byun, H. R. Choi, K. Kuk, O. H. Baek, Y. K. Jung, H. J. Choi, K. J. Kim and J. D. Nam. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6(12), 2996-3003 (2018) [PDF] [DOI]

Guidelines for making Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite (IPMC) materials as artificial muscles by advanced manufacturing methods: State-of-the-Art
T. Stalbaum, S. Trabia, T. Hwang, Z. Olsen, S. Nelson, Q. Shen, D.-C. Lee, K. J. Kim, J. Carrico, Kam K. Leang, V. Palmre, J. Nam, I.-S. Park, R. Tiwari, D. Kim, and S. Kim. Advances in Manufacturing and Processing of Materials and Structures (ed. Y. Bar-Cohen) Chapter 14, Taylor and Francis Group (2018).

Inchworm Locomotion Mechanism Inspired Self-Deformable Capsule-Like Robot: Design, Modeling, and Experimental Validation
Y. Luo, N. Zhao, K. J. Kim , J. Yi, and Y. Shen. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 6800-6805 (2018) 2018

IPMC Embedded in a Pneumatic Soft Robotic Actuator: Preliminary Experiments in Actuation and Sensing
J. Neubauer, T. Stalbaum, and K. J. Kim. 2018 15th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots (UR), 80-82 (2018) 2018

Searching for a New Ionomer for 3D printable Ionic Polymer–Metal Composites: Aquivion as a Candidate
S. Trabia, Z. Olsen, and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 26(11),115029 (2017) [PDF] [DOI]

Electroionic Antagonistic Muscles Based on Nitrogen-Doped Carbons Derived from Poly(Triazine-Triptycene)
S. Roy, J. Kim, M. Kotal, K. J. Kim, and I.-K. Oh. Advanced Science 4(12), 1700410 (2017) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

Multi-step Cure Kinetic Model of Ultra-thin Glass Fiber Epoxy Prepreg Exhibiting both Autocatalytic and Diffusion-controlled Regimes under Isothermal and Dynamic-heating Conditions
Y. C. Kim, H. Min, S. Hong, M. Wang, H. Sun, I.-K. Park, H. R. Choi, J. C. Koo, H. Moon, K. J. Kim, J. Suhr, and J.-D. Nam. Korea-Australia Rheology Journal 29(3), 157-162 (2017) [PDF] [DOI]

V-curing Kinetics and Performance Development of in situ Curable 3D Printing Materials
Y. C. Kim, S. Hong, H. Sun, M. G. Kim, K. Choi, J. Cho, H. Choi, J. C. Koo, H. Moon, D. Byun, K. J. Kim, J. Suhr, S. H. Kim, and J.-D. Nam. European Polymer Journal 93, 140-147 (2017) [PDF] [DOI]

Soft but Powerful Artificial Muscles Based on 3D Graphene–CNT–Ni Heteronanostructures
J. Kim, S.-H. Bae, M. Kotal, T. Stalbaum, K. J. Kim, and I.-K. Oh. Small 13(31), 1701314 (2017) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

Bioinspired Travelling Wave Generation in Soft-Robotics using Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites
T. Stalbaum, T. Hwang, S. Trabia, Q. Shen, R. Hunt, Z. Olsen, and K. J. Kim. Intelligent Journal of Intelligent Robotics and Applications 1(2),167-179 (2017) [PDF] [DOI]

Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Shape Memory Properties of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite
Qi Shen, V. Palmre, K. J. Kim, and I.-K. Oh. Smart Materials and Structures 26(4),045020 (2017) [PDF] [DOI]

All Biomass and UV Protective Composite Composed of Compatibilized Lignin and Poly (Lactic-acid)
Y. Kim, J. Suhr, H.-W. Seo, H. Sun, S. Kim, I.-K. Park, S.-H. Kim, Y. Lee, K. J. Kim, and J.-D. Nam. Scientific Reports 7:43596 (2017) [PDF] [DOI]

Electrically Controllable Twisted-Coiled Artificial Muscle Actuators Using Surfacemodified Polyester Fibers
 J. Park, J. W. Yoo, H. W. Seo, Y. Lee, J. Suhr, H. Moon, J. C. Koo, H. R. Choi, R. Hunt, K. J. Kim, S. H. Kim, and J.-D. Nam. Smart Materials and Structures 26(3),035048 (2017) [PDF] [DOI]

A New High-Performance Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Based on Nafion / Polyimide Blends
J. Nam, T. Hwang, K. J. Kim, and D.-C. Lee. Smart Materials and Structures 26(3),035015 (2017) [PDF] [DOI]

3D-Printed Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Soft Crawling Robot
J. D. Carrico, K. J. Kim and K. K. Leang. Proceedings of the ICRA 2017, Singapore, paper No. 124 (2017). 2017

Design, Modeling and Experimental Validation of a Scissor MechanismsEnabled Compliant Modular Earthworm-like Robot
Y. Luo, N. Zhao, H. Wang, K. J. Kim , and Y. Shen. Proceedings of the 2017 IROS, Vancouver, Canada, #IRSO17_1424 (2017) 2017

Enhanced Condensation via Surface Modification: Flow Visualization
B. Naccarato, K. J. Kim , and B. J. Zhang. 5th IIR International Conference On TPTPR, Seoul, PAPER ID: 0048 (2017; DOI: 10.18462/iir.tptpr.2017.0048). 2017

Modeling of a Soft Multiple-Shape-Memory Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuator
Q. Shen, T. Stalbaum, S. Trabia, T. Hwang, R. Hunt, and K. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #10165-1 2017

Numerical Investigation of Hydrogen Sorption Kinetics for AB5 Tyler Porous Pellets
* Md M. H. Bhuiya and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of International Sorption Heat Pump Conference, #ISHPC2017-1066, Japan, (2017) 2017

Theoretical Consideration of Contact Angle Hysteresis Using Surface-Energy-Minimization Methods
K. Cheng, B. Naccarato, K. J. Kim, and Anupam Kumar. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 102,1540161(2016) [PDF] [DOI]

Promising Developments in Marine Applications with Artificial Muscles: Electrodeless Artificial-cilia Microfibers
K. J. Kim, V. Palmre, T. Stalbaum, T. Hwang, Q. Shen, and S. Trabia. Marine Technology Society (MTS) Journal  50(5), 24-34 (2016) [PDF] [DOI]

Forced Infiltration of Silica Beads into Densely Packed Glass Fibre Beds for Thin Composite Laminates
Y. C. Kim, H. Min, J. Yu, S. Y. Hong, M. Wang, S. H. Kim, J. Suhr, Y. K. Lee, K. J. Kim and J.-D. Nam. RSC Advances 6, 91341 (2016) [PDF] [DOI]

A Fabrication Method of Unique Nafion® Shapes by Painting for Ionic Polymer–Metal Composites
 S. Trabia, T. Hwang and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 25(8),085006 (2016) [PDF] [DOI]

Ultrafiltration Using Graphene Oxide Surface-embedded Polysulfone Membranes
T. Hwang, J.-S. Oh, W. Yim, J.-D. Nam, C. Bae, H.-I. Kim, and K. J. Kim. Separation and Purification Technology 166, 41-47 (2016) [PDF] [DOI]

Anti-Biofouling, Thermal, and Electrical Performance of Nanocomposite Coating with Multiwall Carbon Nanotube and Polytetrafluoroethylene-Blended Polyphenylenesulfide
E. Yang, T. Hwang, A. Kumar, and K. J. Kim. Advances in Polymer Technology 37(3),843-849 (2016) [PDF] [DOI]

A Multiple-Shape Memory Polymer-Metal Composite Actuator Capable of Programmable Control, Creating Complex 3D Motion of Bending, Twisting, and Oscillation
 Q. Shen, S. Trabia, T.Stalbaum, V. Palmre, K. J. Kim, and I.-K. Oh. Scientific Reports 6, 24462 (2016) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

Performance Study of a Hydrogen Powered Metal Hydride Actuator
Md M. H. Bhuiya and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 25(4), 045004 (2016) [PDF] [DOI]

Sulfur and Nitrogen Co-Doped Graphene Electrodes for High-Performance Ionic Artificial Muscles
M Kotal, J. Kim, K. J. Kim, and I.-K. Oh. Advanced Materials 28(8),1610-5 (2016) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

Nonlinear and Complex Cure Kinetics of Ultra-thin Glass Fiber Epoxyprepreg with Highly-loaded Silica Bead under Isothermal and Dynamic-Heating Conditions
Y. C. Kim, H. Min, J. Yu, J. Suhr, Y. K. Lee, K. J. Kim, S. H. Kim, and J.D. Nam. Thermochimica Acta 644,28-32 (2016) [PDF] [DOI]

A Physics Model of the Multi-Degree Freedom Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Cylinder Actuator
*Q. Shen, V. Palmre, J. Lee, K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #9800 – 47 (2016). 2016

Design and Parameter Optimization of Continuous Hydrogen Storage Device
* Y. Wang, S. He, S. Li, F. Yang, Z. Zhang, and K. Kim. 21st World Hydrogen Energy Conference 2016, Zaragoza, Spain, June 13-16 (2016). 2016

Fluid Flow Sensing with Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites
*T. Stalbaum, S. Trabia, Qi Shen, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #9798 – 80 (2016). 2016

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (edited)
K. J. Kim and K. K. Leang (ed.). EAP Reference Book: Introduction to Transducers and Artificial Muscles based on Electromechanically Active Polymers Springer (2016).

IPMCs as EAPs: Fundamentals; Materials; Models; and How to start experimenting (Chapters 8, 9, 10, 12)
K. Asaka, K. J. Kim, K. Oguro, M. Shahinpoor, V. Palmre, J.-H. Jeon, I.-K. Oh, D. Pugal, T. Stalbaum, Z. Chen, X. Tan, M. Yamakita, and K. Kruusamäe. EAP Reference Book: Introduction to transducers and artificial muscles based on Electromechanically Active Polymers (ed. Federico Carpi) Section III - Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (Section Editors: K. Asaka and K. J. Kim), Springer (2016). Covers Chapters 8, 9, 10, and 12.

Modeling Ionic Polymer Metal Composites with COMSOL: Step-by-Step Guide
D. Pugal, T. Stalbaum, V. Palmre, and K. J. Kim. Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMCs): Smart Multi-Functional Materials and Artificial Muscles, Volume 1 (ed. M. Shahinpoor) RSC Smart Materials No. 17, Chapter 5, Royal Society of Chemistry (2016).

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of a Biomimetic Robotic Jellyfish Actuated by Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite
*S. Trabia, Q. Shen, T. Stalbaum, R. Hunt, T. Hwang, and K. Kim. Proceedings of The 13th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots and Ambient Intelligence, #URAI 2016,Xian, China Korea (August 19-22, 2016). 2016

Dropwise Steam Condensation on Various Hydrophobic Surfaces: Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and Self-assembled Micro/Nano Silver (SAMS)
B. J. Zhang, C. Kuok, K. J. Kim, T. Hwang, and H. Yoon. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 89,353-358 (2015) [PDF] [DOI]

A Comprehensive Physics-based Model Encompassing Variable Surface Resistance and Underlying Physics of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuators
Q. Shen, V. Palmre, T. Stalbaum, and K. J. Kim. Journal of Applied Physics 118,124904 (2015) [PDF] [DOI]

A Biomimetic Underwater Vehicle Actuated by Waves with Ionic Polymer–Metal composite Soft Sensors
Q. Shen, T. Wang, and K. J. Kim. Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 10(5),055007 (2015) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

A New Ionic Polymer–Metal Composite Based on Nafion/poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) Blends
T. Hwang, V. Palmre, J. Nam, D.-C. Lee, and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 24(10),105011 (2015) [PDF] [DOI]

Slender Millimeter-Scale Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuators with Integrated Sensing for Soft Mechatronics
M. Tsugawa, V. Palmre, J. Crrico, K. J. Kim, and K. Leang. Maccanica 50,2781-2795 (2015) [PDF] [DOI]

An Ionic Electro-active Actuator Made with Graphene Film Electrode, Chitosan and Ionic Liquid
Q. He, M. Yu, X. Yang, K. J. Kim, and Z. Dai. Smart Materials and Structures 24(6),065026 (2015) [PDF] [DOI]

Internal dropwise condensation: Modeling and experimental framework for horizontal tube condensers
K. Cheng, S. Kim, S. Lee, and K. J. Kim. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 83,99–108 (2015) [PDF] [DOI]

Physics-based modeling of mechano-electric transduction of tube-shaped ionic polymer-metal composite
T. Stalbaum, D. Pugal, S.E. Nelson, V. Palmre, and K. J. Kim. Journal of Applied Physics 117(11), 114903 (2015) [PDF] [DOI]

Metal hydrides in engineering systems, processes, and devices: A review of non-storage applications
Md. Bhuiya, A. Kumar, K. J. Kim. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 40(9), 2231-2247 (2015) [PDF] [DOI]

A novel fabrication process of multi degree of freedom (DOF) shaped electroactive polymer actuators/sensors for catheters
K. J. Kim, S. J. Kim, and J. Wong. US Patent 9,147,825 (2015)

Comprehensive modeling of ionic polymer-metal composite actuators based upon variable surface resistance and underlying physics of the polymer membrane
* Q. Shen, V. Palmre, T. Stalbaum, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #9430-91 (2015). 2015

Development of Self-sensing Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Soft Robotic Actuator Integrated with Gallium-Indium Alloy
* S. Trabia, V. Palmre, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of The 12th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots and Ambient Intelligence, #URAI 2015-111, Goyang City, S. Korea (October 28-30, 2015). 2015

Enabling Earthworm-like Soft Robot Development Using Bioinspired IPMC-Scissor Lift Actuation Structures: Design, Locomotion Simulation and Experimental Validation
S. Niu, Y. Luo, Y. Shen, and K. J. Kim. the proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO 2015), paper #485, Zhuhai, China (December 6-9, 2015) 2015

Theoretical investigation of ionic effects in actuation and sensing of IPMCs of various geometries
* T. Stalbaum, S. E. Nelsona, V. Palmre, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #9432-32 (2015). 2015

A cylindrical ionic polymer-metal compositebased robotic catheter platform: modeling, design and control
S. Ruiz, B. Mead, V. Palmre, K. J. Kim, and W. Yim. Smart Materials and Structures 24(1), 015007 (2015) [PDF] [DOI]

Ionic electroactive polymer artificial muscles in space applications
A. Punning, K. J. Kim, V. Palmre, F. Vidal, C. Plesse, N. Festin, A. Maziz, K. Asaka, T. Sugino, G. Alici, G. Spinks, G. Wallace, I. Must, I. P. ldsalu, V. Vunder, R. Temmer, K. Kruusama¨e, J. Torop, F. Kaasik, P. Rinne, U. Johanson, A.-L. Peikolainen, T. Tamm, and A. Aabloo. Scientific Reports 4, 6913 (2014) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

Influence of heated surfaces and fluids on pool boiling heat transfer
C. Y. Lee, B. J. Zhang, K. J. Kim. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 59,15-23 (2014) [PDF] [DOI]

Noncovalently assembled nanotubular porous layers for failure delay of heating surface
B. J. Zhang, T. Hwang, J.-D. Nam, J. Suhr, and K. J. Kim. Scientific Reports 4, 6817 (2014) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

Nanothorn electrodes for ionic polymer-metal composite artificial muscles
V. Palmre, D. Pugal, K. J. Kim, K. K. Leang, K. Asaka, and A. Aabloo. Scientific Reports 4, 6176 (2014) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

Experimentally tuned dual stage hydrogen compressor for improved compression ratio
Md M. H. Bhuiya, C. Y. Lee, T. Hwang, S. Munira, R. Hopkins, H. Yoon, S. H. Park, and K. J. Kim. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 39,12924-12933 (2014) [PDF] [DOI]

Monolithic IPMC Fins for Propulsion and Maneuvering in Bio-Inspired Underwater Robotics
J. Hubbard, M. Fleming, V. Palmre, D. Pugal, K. J. Kim, and K. K. Leang. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 39(3), (2014) [PDF] [DOI]

Dropwise Condensation on Micro- and Nanostructured Surfaces
R. Enright, N. Miljkovic, J. L. Alvarado, K. J. Kim, and J. W. Rose. Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering 18, 223-250 (2014) [PDF] [DOI]

Electromechanical Performance and Other Characteristics of IPMCs Fabricated with Various Commercially Available ion exchange membranes
 J. Park, V. Palmre, T. Hwang, K. J. Kim, W. Yim, and C. Bae. Smart Materials and Structures 23(7), 074001 (2014) [PDF] [DOI]

Improving electromechanical output of IPMC by high surface area Pd-Pt electrodes and tailored ionomer membrane thickness
V. Palmre, S. J. Kim, D. Pugal, and K. J. Kim. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 5(2),99-113 (2014) [PDF] [DOI]

Electrode of ionic polymer-metal composite sensors: modeling and experimental investigation
Q. Shen, K. J. Kim, and T. Wang. Journal of Applied Physics 115(19),1944902 (2014) [PDF] [DOI]

hp-FEM Electromechanical Transduction Model of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites
 D. Pugal, P. Solin, K. J. Kim, and A. Aabloo. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 260,135-148 (2014) [PDF] [DOI]

A Bio-inspired Multi Degree of Freedom Actuator Based on a Novel Cylindrical Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Material
 S. J. Kim, D. Pugal, J. Wong, K. J. Kim, and W. Yim. Robotics and Autonomous Systems  62(1), 53-60 (2014) [PDF] [DOI]

Comparisons of Dropwise Condensation Heat Transfer using Various Types of Surfaces on a Horizontal Tube
S. Lee, K. Cheng, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of International Sorption Heat Pump (ISHP) Conference, Maryland, College Park, March 30-April 3, #93 (2014). 2014

Effects of Electrode Surface Structure on the Mechanoelectrical Transduction of IPMC Sensors
* V. Palmre, D. Pugal, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #9056 - 4 (2014). 2014

Electrode of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Sensors: Modeling and Experimental investigation
* Q. Shen, K. J. Kim , and T. Wang. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #9056 - 136 (2014). 2014

Multi Degree of Freedom IPMC Sensor
* T. Stalbaum, S. E. Nelson, V. Palmre, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #9056 - 92 (2014). 2014

An IPMC-Enabled Bio-Inspired Bending/Twisting Fin for Underwater Applications
V. Palmre, M. Fleming, D. Pugal, S.J. Kim, K. J. Kim, and K. K. Leang. Smart Materials and Structures 22(1), 014003 (2013) [PDF] [DOI]

IPMC Mechanoelectrical Transduction: its Scalability and Optimization,” Smart Materials and Structures
D. Pugal, P. Solin, A. Aabloo, and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 22(12), 125029 (2013) [PDF] [DOI]

 Heat Trasfer Measurement during Dropwise Condensation using Micro/Nano-Scale Porous Surface
S. Lee, K. Cheng, V. Palmre, MD M. H. Bhuiya, K. J. Kim, B. J. Zhang, and H. Yoon. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 65, 619-626 (2013) [PDF] [DOI]

Nanosphere-Decorated Tunable Anatase Titania Conic Self-Assemblies
B. J. Zhang, K. J. Kim, and D. Y. Lee. Journal of Nanoparticle Research 15,1837 (2013) [PDF] [DOI]

Augmented Boiling Heat Transfer on the Wetting-modified Three Dimensionally-Interconnected Alumina Nano Porous Surfaces in Aqueous Polymeric Surfactants
B. J. Zhang, J. Park, and K. J. Kim. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 63, 224-232 (2013) [PDF] [DOI]

Transparent Actuator Made with Few Layer Graphene Electrode and Dielectric Elastomer, for Variable Focus Lens
T. Hwang, H.-Y. Kwon, J.-S. Oh, J.-P. Hong, S.-C. Hong, Y. Lee, H. R. Choi, K. J. Kim, M. H. Bhuiya, and J.-D. Nam. Applied Physics Letters 103, 023106 (2013) [PDF] [DOI]

Recent Advances in Ionic Polymer–Metal Composite Actuators and their Modeling and Applications
 C. Jo, D. Pugal, I.-K. Oh, and K. J. Kim, and K. Asaka.  Progress in Polymer Science 38(7), 1037–1066 (2013) [PDF] [DOI]

A Dropwise Condensation Model Using a Nano-scale, Pin Structured Surface
S. Lee, H. K. Yoon, K. J. Kim, S. Kim, M. Kennedy, and B. J. Zhang. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 60, 664–671 (2013) [PDF] [DOI]

Mechanoelectric Transduction in Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite
R. Tiwari and K. J. Kim. Applied Physics Letters 102, 123903 (2013) [PDF] [DOI]

Amine-Functionalized Polyglycidyl Methacrylate Microsphere as a Unified Template for the Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Single-Crystal Gold Plates
 J. S. Oh, L. N. Dang, S. W. Yoon, P. C. Lee, D. O. Kim, K. J. Kim , and J. D. Nam. Macromolecular Rapid Communications 34, 504−510 (2013) [PDF] [DOI] [PubMed]

A Comparison Study of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (IPMCs) Fabricated with Nafion and Other Ion Exchange Membranes
* J. Park, K. J. Kim et al. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf. 8687, Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD), #8687-106 (2013). 2013

An Electroactive IPMC-based Cylindrical Robotic Platform
* V. Palmre, D. Pugal, K. J. Kim , and W. Yim. 2013 URAI: an extended abstract, S. Korea (2013). 2013

Biomimetic Robotic Artificial Muscles
K. J. Kim, H. R. Choi, X. Tan, and D. Pugal. World Scientific Publishing Co. ISBN 978-981-4390-35-4 (hardcover); ISBN 978-981-4397-49-0 (ebook) (2013). [PubMed]

Design Optimization of Rod Shaped IPMC Actuator
S. A. Ruiz, B. Mead, H. Yun, W. Yim, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf. 8687, Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) 2013, 8687-22 2013

Scalable Low nDOF hp -FEM Model of IPMC Actuation
* D. Pugal, A. Aabloo, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #8687-95 (2013). 2013

Sectored Tube-shaped Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuator with Integrated Sensor
M. A. Tsugawa, K. K. Leang, V. Palmre, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, SMASIS2013-3017, Snowbird, Utah, USA (2013). 2013

The Effects of Electrode Surface Morphology on the Actuation Performance of IPMC
* V. Palmre, D. Pugal , K. K. Leang, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf. 8687, Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD), #8687-94 (2013). 2013

IPMC as Mechano-Electric Energy Harvester: Tailored Properties
R. Tiwari and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 22(1), 015017 (2013) [PDF] [DOI]

Enhanced Heat Transfer Performance of Alumina Sponge-like Nano-Porous Structures through Surface Wettability Control in Nucleate Pool Boiling
 B. J. Zhang, K. J. Kim, and H. Yoon. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 55(25-26), 7487-7498 (2012) [PDF] [DOI]

Introduction to the Themed Articles on Ionic Polymer–Metal Composites
K. J. Kim and K. K. Leang. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 4(3),183-187 (2012) [PDF] [DOI]

Effect of Liquid Uptake on Critical Heat Flux Utilizing a Three dimensional, Interconnected Alumina Nano Porous Surfaces
B. J. Zhang and K. J. Kim. Applied Physics Letters 101, 054104 (2012) [PDF] [DOI]

Mitigating IPMC Back-Relaxation Effect through Controlled Activation of Patterned Electrodes
M. Fleming, J. Hubbard, K. J. Kim, and K. K. Leang. Smart Materials and Structures 21(8), 085002 (2012) [DOI]

Morphological Change of Plain and Nano-Porous Surfaces during Boiling and its Effect on Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer
C. Y. Lee, B. J. Zhang, and K. J. Kim. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 40, 150–158 (2012) [DOI]

Electromechanically Driven Variable-Focus Lens Based on Transparent Dielectric Elastomer
S.-I. Son, D. Pugal, T. Hwang, H. R. Choi, J. C. Koo, Y. Lee, K. J. Kim, and J. D. Nam. Applied Optics 51(15), 2987-2996 (2012) [DOI] [PubMed]

High-Performance Heat Sink Composites Incorporating Micron-sized Inorganic Fillers and Sn/In Metal Particles
J.-P Hong, S.-W. Yoon, T. S. Hwang, J. S. Oh, S.-H. Hong, Y. Lee, J.-D. Nam, Md M. Bhuiya, and K. J. Kim. Polymer Engineering & Science 52(11), 2435-2442 (2012) [DOI]

Biologically Inspired Tunable Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Surfaces:  A Copper Oxide Self-Assembly Multitier Approach
B. J. Zhang, J. Park, K. J. Kim, H. Yoon. Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 7(3), 036011 (2012) [DOI] [PubMed]

Wireless Actuation and Control of Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) Actuator using a Microwave Link
J. S. Lee, W. Yim, and K. J. Kim. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 3(4), 244-262 (2012) [DOI]

Water Droplet Evaporation on Cu-Based Hydrophobic Surfaces with Nano- and Micro Structures
C. Lee, B. J. Zhang, J. Park, and K. J. Kim. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 55, 2151-2159 (2012) [DOI]

The Anodic-biased Titania Nanotube Growth in the Low Dielectric Viscous Media
B. J. Zhang and K. J. Kim. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 4(1), 47-54 (2013) [DOI]

Integrated Sensing for IPMC Actuators using Strain Gages for Underwater Applications
K. K. Leang, Y. Shan, S. Song, and K. J. Kim. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 17(2), 345-355, (2012) [DOI]

Characterization of Longitudinal Tensile Force of Millimeter Thick IPMCs
* V. Palmre, D. Pugal, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #8340-92 (2012). 2012

Hydrogen Storage with Annular LaNi5 Metal Hydride Pellets
* S. Kim and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of ICFMEME 2012, Beijing, China, #M1726 (2012). 2012

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (special issue)
K. J. Kim and K. K. Leang (ed.). International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials Vol. 3/4 (2012).

Ionic polymer-metal composites for sensors and artificial muscles: Mechanoelectric perspectives
R. Tiwari and K. J. Kim. Ionic Interactions in Natural and Synthetic Macromolecules (eds. A. Ciferri and A. Perico) Chapter 16, Wiley (2012). [PubMed]

Modeling Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites with Space-Time Adaptive Multimesh hp-FEM
D. Pugal, P. Solin, K. J. Kim, and A. Aabloo. Communications in Computational Physics 11(1), 249-270 (2012) [DOI]

Physics Based Electromechanical Model of IPMC Considering Various Underlying Currents
* D. Pugal, K. J. Kim , V. Palmre, K. K. Leang, and A. Aabloo. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #8340-24 (2012). 2012

Characteristics of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite with Chemically-Doped TiO2 particles
Y. Jung, S. J. Kim, K. J. Kim, D. Y. Lee. Smart Materials and Structures 20(12),124004 (2011) [DOI]

An Explicit Physics-based Model of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuators
D. Pugal, K. J. Kim, and Alvo Aabloo. Journal of Applied Physics 110, 084904 (2011) [DOI]

Electro-chemical Operation of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites
D. Kim, K. J. Kim, J.-D. Nam, and V. Palmre. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 55,106-113 (2011) [DOI]

A Twistable Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Artificial Muscle for Marine Applications
K. J. Kim, D. Pugal, and K. K. Leang. Marine Technology Society 45(4), 83-98 (2011) [DOI]

Dropwise Condensation Modeling Suitable for Superhydrophobic Surfaces
S. Kim and K. J. Kim. Journal of Heat Transfer 133(8), 081502 (2011) [DOI]

A Novel Ionic Polymer Metal ZnO Composite (IPMCZC)
S. M. Kim, R. Tiwari, and K. J. Kim. Sensors 11(5), 4674-4687 (2011) [DOI] [PubMed]

Physical Principles of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites as Electroactive Actuators and Sensors
I-S. Park, K. M. Jung, D. Kim, S.-M. Kim, and K. J. Kim. MRS Bulletin 33, 190-195 (2008) [DOI]

A Bio-inspired Multi Degree of Freedom Actuator Based on a Novel Cylindrical Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Material
S. J. Kim, D. Pugal, J. Wong, K. J. Kim , and W. Yim. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Advanced Robotics, June 20-23, 2011, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, submission #81 (2011). 2011

A High-Performance Dual-Stage Hydrogen Compressor System Using Ca0.2Mm0.8N5 Metal Hydride
M. M. H. Bhuiya, C. Y. Lee, R. Hopkins, H. Yoon, S. Kim, S. H. Park, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS2011), Phoenix, Arizona (SMASIS2011-5120, September 2011). 2011

A Novel hp-FEM Model for IPMC Actuation
* D. Pugal, K. J. Kim , P. Solin, and A. Aabloo. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf./Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Composites V (#7978-26, 2011). 2011

Biomimetic super-hydrophobic surfaces for use in enhanced dropwise condensation
* K. Cheng, B. J. Zhang, C. Y. Lee, M. Kennedy, S. Kim, H. Yoon, K. J. Kim , J. Liu, and G. Skandan. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf./Bioinspiration, Biomimetics, and Bioreplication (#7975-35, 2011). 2011

Characterization of Sectored-Electrode IPMC-Based Propulsors for Underwater Locomotion
J. J. Hubbard, M. Fleming, K. K. Leang, V. Palmre, D. Pugal, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS2011), Phoenix, Arizona (SMASIS2011-5155, September 2011). 2011

Dynamic Model of a Cylindrical Ionic Polymer-metal Composite Actuator
* S. Gutta, J. Realmuto, W. Yim, and K. J. Kim. Proceeding of the 8th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots and Ambient Intelligence, Incheon, S. Korea (2011). 2011

Fine-Tuned Polymer Nano-composite Coatings for Use in Geothermal Plants
K. Cheng, E. Yang, C. Lee, Z. Ricks, V. Palmre, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS2011), Phoenix, Arizona (SMASIS2011-5012, September 2011). 2011

Millimeter Thick Ionic Polymer Membrane-based IPMCs with Bimetallic Pd-Pt Electrodes
* V. Palmre, S. J. Kim, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf./Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) XIII (#7976-40, 2011). 2011

Mitigating IPMC Back-Relaxation Effect through Controlled Activation of Patterned Electrodes
M. Fleming, J. Hubbard, K. J. Kim , and K. K. Leang. Proceedings of the ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS2011), Phoenix, Arizona (SMASIS2011-4970, September 2011). 2011

Modeling and Designing IPMCs for Twisting Transduction
* D. Pugal, K. J. Kim , K. K. Leang, and V. Palmre. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf./Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) XIII (#7976-63, 2011). 2011

Nano-Fin like Coating for Dropwise Condensation: Modeling Perspectives
S. Lee, S. Kim, B. J. Zhang, H. K. Lee, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of AFORE-1 (Asia-Pacific Forum on Renewable Energy) – The best paper award, Busan, S. Korea (2011). 2011

Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer of 2-ethly-1-hexanol added LiBr Solution on a Nano-Porous Surface
C. Y. Lee, B. J. Zhang, J. Park, K. J. Kim , and B. Belmont. Proceedings of the International Sorption Heat Pump Conference, Paper#I74 (2011). 2011

Tunable ultrahydrophobic/philic multiple roughness for heat transfer applications
* B. J. Zhang, J. Park, C. Y. Lee, K. J. Kim , and B. Belmong. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf./Bioinspiration, Biomimetics, and Bioreplication (#7975-37, 2011). 2011

Effect of Metal Diffusion on Mechanoelectric Property of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite
R. Tiwari and K. J. Kim. Applied Physics Letters 97, 244104 (2010) [DOI]

Pool Boiling Heat Transfer with Nano-porous Surface
C. Y. Lee, M. M. H. Bhuiya, and K. J. Kim. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer  53, 4274 (2010) [DOI]

Hydrogen Compression Characteristics of a Dual Stage Thermal Compressor System Utilizing LaNi5 and Ca0.6Mm0.4Ni5 as the Working Metal Hydrides
R. R. Hopkins and K. J. Kim. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35, 5693-5702 (2010) [DOI]

Disc-shaped Ionic Polymer Metal Composites for Use in Mechano-electrical Applications
R. Tiwari and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 19(6), 065016 (2010) [DOI]

IPMC Mechanoelectrical Transduction Review and Perspectives
D. Pugal, K. Jung, A. Aabloo, and K. J. Kim. Polymer International 59, 279-289 (2010) [DOI]

Dynamic Surface Tension of Heat Transfer Additives Suitable for Use in Steam Condensers and Absorbers
Y.-D. Jun, K. J. Kim, and J. M. Kennedy. International Journal of Refrigeration 33, 428-434 (2010) [DOI]

Visualization of the Cation Migration in Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Under an Electric Field
 I.-S. Park, S.-M. Kim, D. Pugal, L. Huang, S.-W. Tam-Chang, and K. J. Kim. Applied Physics Letters 96, 043301 (2010) [DOI]

A Rod-shaped Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite for Use as an Active Catheter-Platform
S. J. Kim, D. Pugal, Y. Jung, J. Wong, K. J. Kim , and W. Yim. Proceedings of the ASME 2010 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, SMASIS 2010, Philadelphia, #SMASIS2010-3789 (2010). 2010

Development of Dimensionally Scale-able IPMC Materials
S. Kim, Y. Jung, K. K. Leang, and K. J. Kim. AIM2010, Montreal, Canada, Paper WeA5.1 (July 2010). 2010

Full Scale Fast 3D Model of IPMC
* D. Pugal, A. Aabloo, Y. Jung, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of 16th US National Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (USNCTAM2010), PA (2 page extended abstract, June 2010). 2010

IPMC Assisted Infusion Micropumps
I.-S. Park, S. Vohnout, M. Banister, S. Lee, S.-M. Kim, and K. J. Kim. Biomedical Applications of Electroactive Polymer Actuators (eds. F. Carpi and E. Smela) Chapter 9, Wiley, West Sussex, United Kingdom (2010). [PubMed]

IPMC: Recent Progress in Modeling, Manufacturing, and New Applications
* D. Pugal, S. J. Kim, K. J. Kim , and K. K. Leang. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., Vol. 7642, 7642OU (March 2010). doi:10.1117/12.84828 2010

Modeling the Transduction of IPMC in 3D Configurations
* D. Pugal, A. Aabloo, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., Vol. 7644, 76441T-76441T-9 (March 2010). doi: 10.1117/12.847958 2010

Molecular Biomimetics and Materials Design (special issue)
L. Isaacs and K. J. Kim (ed.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences and Materials Vol. 11 (2010).

Precision Tracking of Oscillatory Motion in IPMC Actuators
S. Song, K. J. Kim , and K. K. Leang. AIM2010, Montreal, Canada, Paper WeA5.5 (July 2010). 2010

Preliminary Study of Wireless Actuation and Control of IPMC Actuator
J. S. Lee, S. Gutta, W. Yim, and K. J. Kim. AIM2010, Montreal, Canada, Paper WeA5.3 (July 2010). 2010

Sectored-electrode IPMC Actuator for Bending and Twisting Motion
* R. O. Riddle, Y. Jung, S.-M. Kim, S. Song, B. Stolpman, K. J. Kim and K. K. Leang. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., Vol. 7642, 764221-764221-9 (March 2010). doi: 10.1117/12.848003 2010

Simulation Study on the Reaction Process Based Single Stage Metal Hydride Thermal Compressor
Y. Wang, F. Yang, X. Meng, Q. Guo, Z. Zhang, I.-S. Park, S. W. Kim, and K. J. Kim. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35(1), 321-328 (2010) [DOI]

Experimental Study of a Metal Hydride Driven Braided Artificial Pneumatic Muscle (BAPM)
A. Vanderhoff and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 18(2), 125014 (2009) [DOI]

Investigation of Coupled AB5 Type High-Power Metal Hydride Reactors
 I.-S. Park, J.-K. Kim, K. J. Kim, J. Zhang, C. Park, and K. Gawlik. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34, 5770-5777 (2009) [DOI]

Thermal Conductivity Measurements of Copper-Coated Metal Hydrides (LANI5, CA0.6Mm0.4NI5, and LANI4.75AL0.25) for Use in Metal Hydride Hydrogen Compression Systems
M. Lee, K. J. Kim, R. R. Hopkins, and K. Gawlik. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34, 3185-3190 (2009) [DOI]

A Novel Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites Incorporating ZnO Thin Film
* S.-M. Kim, R. Tiwari, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #7287-31 (March 2009). 2009

Disc-Shaped IPMC for Use in Energy Harvesting
* R. Tiwari and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #7289-50 (March 2009). 2009

Dynamic Surface Resistance Model of IPMC
* D. Pugal, A. Aabloo, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #7289-48 (March 2009). 2009

Metal Hydride Fluidic Artificial Muscle Actuation System
A. Vanderhoff and K. J. Kim. Proceeding of the Fall 2008 MRS meeting, Boston, MA, Vol. 1129, pp.299-310 (2009). 2009

Modeling IPMC Material with Dynamic Surface Characteristics
D. Pugal, A. Aabloo, K. J. Kim , and Y. Jung. Proceedings of the ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS2009), SMASIA2009-1377, Oxnard, CA (September 2009). 2009

Porous Metal Hydride (PMH) Compacts for Thermal Energy Applications
M. Lee, I.-S. Park, S. W. Kim, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the 2009 ASME 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability, ES2009, San Francisco, CA, #ES2009-90361 (July 2009). 2009

Submicron Superhydrophobic Surface Treatment Suitable for High Performance Condensers: A Modeling
S. Kim, K. J. Kim , J. M. Kennedy, J. Liu, and G. Skandan. Proceedings of the 2009 ASME 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability, ES2009, San Francisco, CA, #ES2009-90166 (July 2009). 2009

Sulfonated-Polyamide Based IPMCs
* I.-S. Park, K. J. Kim , C. Bae, S.-M. Kim, T. S. Jo, J. Truong, W. Yim, and J.-S. Lee. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #7287-32 (March 2009). 2009

Variable Thickness IPMC: Capacitance Effect on Energy Harvesting
R. Tiwari, S.-M. Kim, and K. J. Kim. Proceeding of the Fall 2008 MRS meeting, Boston, MA, Vol. 1129, pp.213-223 (2009). 2009

A Self-Sensing of Dielectric Elastomer Actuator
K. M. Jung, K. J. Kim, and H. R. Choi. Sensors and Actuators: A Physical 143, 343-351 (2008) [DOI]

A Self-Oscillating Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Bending Actuator
D. Pugal, K. J. Kim, A. Punning, H. Kasemägi, M. Kruusmaa, and A. Aabloo. Journal of Applied Physics 103, 084908 (2008) [DOI]

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite as Energy Harvesters
R. Tiwari, K. J. Kim, and S. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 4(5), 549-563 (2008) [DOI]

Palladium Buffer-Layered High Performance Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites Sensors and Actuators
S. M. Kim and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 17(3), 343-351 (2008) [DOI]

Transparent Flexible Conductor of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Containing Highly-dispersed Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube
D. O. Kim, M. H. Lee, J. H. Lee, T.-W. Lee, K. J. Kim, Y. K. Lee, T. Kim, H. R. Choi, J. C. Koo, J.-D. Nam. Organic Electronics 9, 1-13 (2008) [DOI]

A Hydrogen Compression System Using Porous Metal Hydride Pellets of LaNi5-xAlx
J. Kim, I.-S. Park, and K. J. Kim. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 33, 870-877 (2008) [DOI]

A Metal-Hydride Actuator
* K. Jung and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #6932-109 (March 2008). 2008

Dynamic Surface Tension Measurements of Heat Transfer Additives
* Y.-D. Jun and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of International Sorption Heat Pump Conference 2008 (ISHPC 2008), #AB-074, Seoul, S. Korea (Sept 2008). 2008

Electrically-Controlled Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Polymeric Muscles as an Intelligent Material
K. J. Kim, K. Choe, and M. Shahinpoor. Intelligent Materials (eds. M. Shahinpoor and H.-J. Schneider) Chapter 7, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom (2008). [PubMed]

High Electromechanical Performance of Electroelastomers Based on Interpenetrating Polymer Networks
* S. M. Ha, I.-S. Park, M. Wissler, R. Pelrine, S. Stanford, K. J. Kim , G. Kovacs, and Q. Pei. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #6927-90 (March 2008). 2008

Improved IPMC Sensing By Use Of Cation & Through Induced Nano-to-Micro Scale Surface Cracks
* R. Tiwari and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #6932-127 (March 2008). 2008

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (IPMCs) with Bimetallic Pt-Pd Electrode
* S.-M. Kim and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #6927-12 (March 2008). 2008

IPMC Paints
* K. J. Kim , I.-S. Park, and R. Tiwari. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #6927-10 (March 2008). 2008

Metal Hydrides as Intelligent Materials and Artificial Muscles
K. J. Kim, G. Lloyd, and M. Shahinpoor. Intelligent Materials (eds. M. Shahinpoor and H.-J. Schneider) Chapter 15, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom (2008). [PubMed]

Self-Sensing of Dielectric Elastomer Actuator
* K. Jung, K. J. Kim , and H. R. Choi. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #6927-66 (March 2008). 2008

Sprayed Sensor Using IPMC PAINT
* I.-S. Park, R. Tiwari, and K. J. Kim. 3rd International Conference-Smart Materials Structures Systems, CIMTEC2008, Sicily, Italy, published in Advances in Science and Technology, Vol. 61, pp. 59-64 (2008). 2008

An Electrode Model for Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites
S. J. Kim, S.-M. Kim, K. J. Kim, and Y. H. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 16(6), 2286-2295 (2007) [DOI]

A Theoretical and Experiment Study for Self-oscillatory Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuators
D. Kim and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 16(5), 1789-1795 (2007) [DOI]

Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of the Silicone Elastomer with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as a Nanofiller
I.-S. Park, J. Lee, K. J. Kim, J.-D. Nam, and W. Yim. Polymer Engineering and Science 47, 1396-1405 (2007) [DOI]

Mechanical and Thermal Behavior of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites: Effects of Electrode Metals
I.-S. Park, S.-M. Kim, and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 16(4), 1090-1097 (2007) [DOI]

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuators Exhibiting Self-Oscillation
D. Kim and K. J. Kim. Sensors and Actuators A 137, 129-133 (2007) [DOI]

An Artificial Muscle Actuator for Biomimetic Underwater Propulsors
W. S. Yim, J. Lee, and K. J. Kim. Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 2, S31-S41 (2007) [DOI]

A Self-Oscillating Electroactive Polymer
D. Kim, K. J. Kim, Y. Tak, D. Pugal and I.-S. Park. Applied Physics Letter 90, 184104(1-3) (2007) [DOI]

Multi-Fields Responsive Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite
I.-S. Park and K. J. Kim. Sensors and Actuators: A 135, 220-228 (2007) [DOI]

Modeling and Experiment of Muscle-like Linear Actuator Using an Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite and its Actuation Characteristics
S. Lee, K. J. Kim, and I.-S. Park. Smart Materials and Structures 16, 583-588 (2007) [DOI]

Fluid Interaction of Segmented Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites under Water
D. Dogruer, J. Lee, W. Yim, K. J. Kim, and D. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 16(2), S220-S226 (2007) [DOI]

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites for Underwater Operation
K. J. Kim, W. Yim, J. W. Paquette, and D. Kim. Journal of Intelligent Materials Systems and Structures 18(2), 123-131 (2007) [DOI]

Smart Metal Hydride Actuators
G. Lloyd and K. J. Kim. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32(2), 247-255 (2007) [DOI]

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Bending Actuator Loaded with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
D. Y. Lee, I.-S. Park, M.-H. Lee, K. J. Kim, and S Heo. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 133, 117-127 (2007) [DOI]

Active Polymers: An Overview
R. Samatham, K. J. Kim, D. Dogruer, H. R. Choi, M. Konyo, J. D. Madden, Y. Nakabo, J.-D. Nam, J. Su, S. Tadokoro, W. Yim, and M. Yamakita. Electroactive Polymers for Robotic Applications Chapter 1, pp. 1-36, Springer (2007).

Artificial Muscles: Applications of Advanced Polymeric Nano-Composites
M. Shahinpoor, K. J. Kim, and M. Mojarrad. Taylor and Francis-CRC, New York ISBN 11-5848-8713-3 (2007). [PubMed]

Biomimetic Actuators, Sensors and Devices (special issue)
K. J. Kim and M. Shahinpoor (ed.). Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures (JIMSS) Vol. 18, no. 2 (2007). [PubMed]

Can We Overcome the Relaxation of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite?
* D. Kim and K . J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #6524-08 (March 2007). 2007

Conference paper, Proceedings of IMECE2007 (#IMECE2007-42831)
C. Park, X. Tang, K. J. Kim, J. Gottschlich, and Q. Leland. Proceedings of IMECE2007, #IMECE2007-42831, Seattle, WA November 2007

Developing High-Temperature Dissolvable Reconfigurable Tooling Materials
J. Cao, G. Calvert, T. Jacobson, L. Clements, S.-Y. Luo, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of SAMPE 07, Baltimore, MA (June 2007). 2007

Dielectric Elastomers for Artificial Muscles
J.-D. Nam, H. R. Choi, J. C. Koo, Y. K. Lee, and K. J. Kim. Electroactive Polymers for Robotic Applications Chapter 2, pp. 37-48, Springer (2007).

Dynamic Modeling of Segmented IPMC Actuator
W. Yim and K. J. Kim. Electroactive Polymers for Robotic Applications Chapter 10, pp. 263-277, Springer (2007).

Electroactive Polymers (special issue)
Y. Bar-Cohen, K. J. Kim, H. R. Choi, and J. Madden (ed.). Smart Materials and Structures Vol. 16, issue 2 (2007).

Electroactive Polymers for Robotic Application: Artificial Muscles and Sensors
K. J. Kim and S. Tadokoro (ed.). Springer, London ISBN 978-1-84628-371 (2007). [PubMed]

Energy Harvesting of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites
* R. Tiwari, D. Dogruer, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #6524-48 (March 2007). 2007

Finite Element Simulations of the Bending of the IPMC Sheet
* D. Pugal, H. Kasemagi, K. J. Kim, M. Kruusmaa, A. Aabloo. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf.,# 6524-67 (March 2007). 2007

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite as a New Actuator and Transducer Material
K. J. Kim. Electroactive Polymers for Robotic Applications Chapter 6, pp. 153-164, Springer (2007).

IPMC Assisted Miniature Disposable Infusion Pumps with Embedded Computer Control
* S. Vohnout , S.-M. Kim, I.-S. Park, M. Banister, R. Tiwari, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #6524-69 (March 2007). 2007

Mechanical Properties of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites
* I-S. Park, D. Kim, S.-M. Kim, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #6524-10 (March 2007). 2007

Method of Fabricating A Dry Electroactive Polymer Synthetic Muscle
M. Shahinpoor and K. J. Kim. US Patent 7,270,090 October 2, 2007.

Motion Planning and Control of Artificial Muscle Actuated Underwater Vehicle Using Nonlinear Neural Oscillator
J. S. Lee, W. Yim, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of ASME, DETC2007/VIB-34572, Las Vegas (September 2007). 2007

Power/Efficiency Optimization of a Sorption Cooler Under Quantified Design Uncertainty
G. Lloyd and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of IMECE2007, #IMECE2007-4374, Seattle, WA (November, 2007). 2007

Smart Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites: Design and Their Applications
S. K. Lee, K. J. Kim, H. C. Park, and I.-S. Park. Progress in Smart Materials and Structures Research (ed. F. Columbus) Chapter 4, Nova Science Publishers, Inc. (2007). [PubMed]

Electrospun Nanoscale Polyacrylonitrile Artificial Muscle
R. Samatham, I-S. Park, K. J. Kim, J.-D. Nam, N. Whisman, and J. Adams. Smart Materials and Structures 15(6), N152 (2006) [DOI]

A Study on Effective use of Heat Transfer Additives in the Process of Steam Condensation
S. Vemuri, K. J. Kim, and Y. T. Kang. International Journal of Refrigeration 29(5), 724-734 (2006) [DOI]

Performance Characterization of Electro-Chemically Driven Polyacrylonitrile Fiber Bundle Actuator
K. Choe, K. J. Kim, D. Kim, C. Manford, S. Heo, and M. Shahinpoor. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 17(7), 563-576 (2006) [DOI]

Design of IPMC Actuator-driven Valve-less Micropump and Its Flow Rate Estimation at Low Reynolds Numbers
S. Lee and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 15(4), 1103-1109 (2006) [DOI]

Electric Current as a Control Variable in the Electrospinning Process
R. Samatham and K. J. Kim. Polymer Engineering and Science 46(7), 954-959 (2006) [DOI]

Modeling of an IPMC Actuator-driven Zero-Net-Mass-Flux Pump for Flow Control
S. Lee, K. J. Kim, and H. C. Park. Journal of Intelligent Materials Systems and Structures  17(6), 533-541 (2006) [DOI]

Experimental Investigation on Electrochemical Properties of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite
D. Kim and K. J. Kim. Journal of Intelligent Materials Systems and Structures 17(5), 449-454 (2006) [DOI]

Long Term Testing for Dropwise Condensation Using Self-Assembled Monolayer Coatings of n-Octadecyl Mercaptan
S. Vemuri, K. J. Kim, B. D. Wood, S. Govindaraju, and T. W. Bell. Applied Thermal Engineering 26(4), 421-429 (2006) [DOI]

An experimental and theoretical study on the concept of dropwise condensation
S. Vemuri and K. J. Kim. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 49(3-4), 649-657 (2006) [DOI]

Polyacrylonitrile Linear Actuators: Chemomechanical and Electro-Chemomechanical Properties
K. Choe and K. J. Kim. Sensors and Actuators A 126(1), 165-172 (2006) [DOI]

A Multi-physics Model for Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuators
* D. Kim and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #6168-67 (March 2006). 2006

Dynamic Modeling of Segmented Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) Actuator
W. Yim, K. J. Kim , M. Trabia, P. Reddy D.K. IROS 2006, Beijing, China (October, 2006). 2006

Electro-chemo-mechanical Interpretation of Pt and Au-electroded Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites
* D. Kim and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #6168-35 (March 2006). 2006

Fluid Interaction of Segmented Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites under Water
* D. Dogruer, K. J. Kim , and W. Yim. Proceeding of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #6168-34 (March 2006). 2006

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite as Smart Velocity Sensors and Energy Harvesters
* D. Dogruer, K. J. Kim , A. Pudipeddi, I.-S. Park, and D. Kim. the US-Korea workshop on Smart Structures Technology for Steel Structures, Seoul, Korea (November, 2006). 2006

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite for Sensory Applications
K. J. Kim, J. W. Paquette, D. Leo, and K. M. Farinholt. Encyclopedia of Sensors (eds. C. A. Grimes and E. C. Dickey) Vol. 5, Chapter 15, American Scientific Press (ASP) (2006). [PubMed]

Magnetically Responsive Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites: A New Development
* Il-Seok Park and K. J. Kim. the 2006 SAMPE Conference (April 2006). 2006

Multi-Fields Responsive Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites
* I.-S. Park, K. J. Kim , and D. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #6168-36 (March 2006). 2006

Muscle-like Linear Actuator by Using an Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite and Its Actuation Characteristics
* S. Lee and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #6168-70 (March 2006). 2006

Sensory behavior of Ionic Polymer Metal Composite
* A. Pudipeddi, D. Kim , and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #6168-68 (March 2006). 2006

The Longevity of Self Assembled Monolayer Coatings fro Enhanced Steam Condensation and Their Applications in Geothermal Power Plants
S. Vemuri, K. J. Kim , and T. W. Bell. 2006 GRC Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA (September 11, 2006). 2006

The Potential Use of Ionic-Polymer Metal Composites as Velocity Sensors and Energy Harvesters
* D. Dogruer, K. J. Kim , and A. Pudipeddi. Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Advanced Smart Materials and Smart Structures Technology, Lake Tahoe, ANCRISST (June 2006). 2006

Thermal Management of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites
* S. Vemuri and K. J. Kim. Proceeding of SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #6168-69 (March 2006). 2006

Effect of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (M-CNT) Loading on M-CNT Distribution Behavior and the Related Electromechancial Properties of the M-CNT Dispersed Ionomeric Nanocomposites
D. Y. Lee, M.-H. Lee, K. J. Kim, S. Heo, B.-Y. Kim, S.-J. Lee. Surface Coatings and Technology 200(5-6), 1916-192 (2005) [DOI]

Equivalent Modeling for Shape Design of IPMC (Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite) as Flapping Actuator
H. C. Park, S.-K. Lee, and K. J. Kim. Key Engineering Materials: Advances in Fracture and Strength 297-300, 616-621 (2005) [DOI]

Equivalent Modeling for Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuators Based on Beam Theories
S-K. Lee, H. C. Park, K. J. Kim, K. J. Yoon. Smart Materials and Structures 14(6), 1363-1368 (2005) [DOI]

The Behavior of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites in a Multi-Layer Configuration
J. W. Paquette, K. J. Kim, D. Kim, and W. Yim. Smart Materials and Structures 14, 881-888 (2005) [DOI]

Cost Effective Techniques for Enhancing Heat Transfer Rate in Steam Condensation
S. Vemuri, K. J. Kim, A. Razani, T. W. Bell, B. Wood. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 19(1), 101-105 (2005) [DOI]

Multiwalled carbon nanotube/IPMC nanocomposite
D. Y. Lee, S. Heo, K. J. Kim, D. Y. Kim, and M.-H. Lee. Key Engineering Material 5759. 194-202 (2005) [DOI]

Low Temperature Characteristics of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuators
J. W. Paquette, K. J. Kim, and D. Kim. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 118(1), 135-143 (2005) [DOI]

Water uptake and migration effects of electroactive ion-exchange polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuator
J.-D. Nam, J. H. Lee, J. H. Lee, H. Choe, K. J. Kim, and Y. S. Tak. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 18(1), 98-106 (2005) [DOI]

An Analytical Study to Marangoni Induced Condensation Using Heat Transfer Additives
S. Vemuri and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of International Sorption Heat Pump Conference, paper number #94 (June 2005). 2005

Design and Performance Analysis of a Novel IPMC-driven Micropumps
* S. K Lee, K. J. Kim , and H. C. Park. SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #5759-65 (March 2005). 2005

Electrochemistry of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite (IPMC)
* D. Kim and K. J. Kim. SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #5759-69 (March 2005). 2005

Fabrication and Development of Electroactive Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites
* K. J. Kim. International Conference on Emerging Science and Technology, Seoul, S. Korea (May 2005). 2005

High Performance Heat Storage and Dissipation Technology
C. Park, K. J. Kim , J. Gottschich and Q. Leland. Proceedings of IMECE 2005, November, Orlando, FL (2005). 2005

Ionic Polymer Based Chemical Sensors for Potential Use in Environmental Monitoring Applications
* K. J. Kim and C.-H. Je. Proceedings of China-US Special Workshop on Multiple Hazards Resistant Strategy and Monitoring Technologies for Large Public Buildings, Beijing (November 2005). 2005

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites as Actuators and Sensors: Recent Development
* D. Kim, J. Paquette, I.-S. Park, S. Lee, A. Pudipeddi, D. Dogruer, K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Advanced Smart Materials and Smart Structures Technology, Kyeongju, South Korea, ANCRISST (July 2005). 2005

Multiwalled carbon nanotube/IPMC Nanocomposite
* K. J. Kim , D. Y. Lee, S. Heo, and M.-H. Lee. SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #5759-26, March 2005). 2005

Operation of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites in Water
* W. Yim, J. Paquette, S. Heo, and K. J. Kim. #5759-6 (March 2005). 2005

Pool Boiling of Saturated FC-72 on Nano-Porous Surface
S. Vemuri and K. J. Kim. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 32(1-2), 27-31 (2005) [DOI]

Self-Oscillatory Behavior of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite (IPMC): A New Finding
* D. Kim and K. J. Kim. SPIE Smart Materials and Structures Conf., #5759-7 (manuscript in preparation, March 2005). 2005

The Potential Use of Heat Transfer Additives for Condensers in Geothermal Power Plants
S. Vemuri and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of Geothermal Resources Council, 2005 Annual Meeting (September 2005). 2005

Underwater Operation of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Artificial Muscle Actuators
K. J. Kim, W. Yim, D. Dogruer, and D. Kim. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Unmanned Untethered Submersible Technology (UUST05) August 2005

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite-IV: Industrial and Mechanical Applications
M. Shahinpoor and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 14(1), 197-214 (2005) [DOI]

Electrostrictive Polymer Nanocomposites Exhibiting Tunable Electrical Properties
J.-D. Nam, H. R. Choi, J. H. Lee, S. D. Hwang, K. J. Kim and H. Seo. Smart Materials and Structures 14(1), 87-90 (2005) [DOI]

A Review : Underwater Applications of Ionic Polymer –Metal Composites
 S. Heo, K. J. Kim, and J. W. Paquette. Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems  10(11), 981-990 (2004) [DOI]

Equivalent Beam and Equivalent Bimorph Beam Models for Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuators
S.-K Lee, H.-C. Park, K. J. Kim and K-J. Yoon. Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems  10(11), 1012-1016 (2004) [DOI]

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites: III. Modeling and Simulation as Biomimetic Sensors, Actuators, Transducers, and Artificial Muscles
M. Shahinpoor and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 13(6),1362-1388 (2004) [DOI]

Ionomeric Electro-Active Polymer Artificial Muscle for Naval Applications
J. Paquette and K. J. Kim. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 29(3), 729-737 (2004) [DOI]

Cellophane as a Biodegradable Electroactive Polymer Actuator
C.-H. Je and K. J. Kim. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 112(1), 107-115 (2004) [DOI]

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites as Multifunctional Materials
M. Shahinpoor, K. J. Kim, and D. Leo. Polymer Composites 24(1), 24-33 (2003) [DOI]

A Theoretical Approach to Dropwise Condensation Using Population Balance Concept
S. Vemuri, K. J. Kim , B. D. Wood, T. Bell. Proceedings of IMECE 2004, November, Anaheim, CA, #60585 (in review). 2004

Biomimetic Flapping Devices Powered by Artificial Muscle Actuators
* H.C. Park, K. J. Kim , S. Lee, S. Y. Lee, Y. J. Cha, K. J. Yoon, and N. S. Goo. UKC2004 US-Korea Conference on Science, Technology and Entrepreneurship, August, 2004. 2004

Comprehensive Simulation of a Metal Hydride KcKibben Actuator
G. Lloyd, K. J. Kim , K. Xia, and A. Razani. Proceedings of IMECE 2004, November, Anaheim, CA, #60449 (in review). 2004

Effective Thermal Conductivity of Fully-Saturated High Porosity Metal Foam
E. N. Schmierer, J. Paquette, A. Razani, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Conference, Charlotte, NC, HT-FED2004-56242 (July 2004). 2004

Electroactive Cellophane Actuators: Ionic or Piezoelectric?
* C. Je, D. Kim and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of SPIE Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, San Diego, California, #5385-32 (March 2004). 2004

Electromechanical Flapping Produced by Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites
* H. C. Park and K. J. Kim , S. K. Lee, and Y. J. Chah. Proceedings of SPIE Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, San Diego, California, #5385-63 (March 2004). 2004

Equivalent Modeling of Shape Design of IPMC (Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite) as Flapping Actuator
* H.C. Park, S. Lee, and K. J. Kim. Asian Pacific Conference for Fracture and Strength, Oct. 6-8, Jeju, Korea (2004). 2004

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Aquatic Robotic Propulsion Potential
J. W. Paquette, K. J. Kim and W. Yim. Proceedings of IROS 2004, 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Sendai, Japan, TP2-H2 (2004). 2004

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites: Underwater Operation
* K. J. Kim , W. Yim, J. W. Paquette, and D. Kim. Biomimetics & Nano-Bio, World Congress, NB-05-03, Albuquerque, NM (December 2004). 2004

Preparation of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (MWNT)-Nafion Composites as Actuator
D. Y. Lee, S. Heo, K. J. Kim , D. Y. Kim, and M.-H. Lee. Bioceramics (December 2004). 2004

Self-Oscillatory Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites
* D. Kim and K. J. Kim. Biomimetics & Nano-Bio, World Congress, NB-05-01, Albuquerque, NM (December 2004). 2004

The Behavior of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites in a Multilayer Configuration
* J. W. Paquette, K. J. Kim , D. Kim, and W. Yim. Proceedings of SPIE Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, San Diego, California, #5385-26 (March 2004). 2004

Toward Nanobiomimetic Muscles: Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers
* R. Samatham, K. Choi, K. J. Kim , M. Shahinpoor, and J.-D. Nam and. Proceedings of SPIE Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, San Diego, California, #5385-62 (March 2004). 2004

An Equivalent Circuit Model for Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites and Their Performance Improvement by a Clay-Based Polymer Nano-Composite Technique
 J. Paquette, K. J. Kim, J.-D. Nam, and Y. S. Tak. Journal of Intelligent Materials Systems and Structures 14(10), 633-642 (2003) [DOI]

Novel Electroactive, Silicate Nanocomposites Prepared to be Used as Actuators and Artificial Muscles
J.-D. Nam, H. R. Choi, Y. S. Tak, and K. J. Kim. Sensors and Actuators: A. Physical 105(1), 83-90 (2003) [DOI]

Investigation of a Solar-Thermal Bio-mimetic Metal Hydride Actuator
G. Llyod, K. J. Kim, A. Razani, and M. Shahinpoor. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 125, pp. 95-100 (2003) [DOI]

Predicting the Environmental Pollution from Bottom Contaminated Sediments Induced by Hydraulic Cutterhead Dredge
C.-H. Je and K. J. Kim. International Journal of Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing 11(3), 1-9 (2003)

Ionic polymer–metal composites: II. Manufacturing techniques
K. J. Kim and M. Shahinpoor. Smart Materials and Structures 12(1), 65-79 (2003) [DOI]

Behavior of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites under Subzero Temperature Conditions
J. Paquette and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of IMECE 2003, Washington DC, #42929 (November 2003). 2003

Contraction/Elongation Behavior of Cation-Modified Polyacrylonitrile Fibers
K. J. Kim, J. Caligiuri, K. Choe, and M. Shahinpoor. Proceeding of SPIE 10th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, San Diego, California, Vol. 5051, pp. 207-213 March 2003

Effective diffusivity of nanoscale ion–water clusters within ion-exchange membranes determined by a novel mechano-electrical technique
K. J. Kim and M. Shahinpoor. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 28(1), 99-104 (2003) [DOI]

Fabrication and Development of Electroactive Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites and Their Applications as Smart Materials
* K. J. Kim. (Invited Paper), Proceedings of THERMEC’2003 – Symposium on Smart Materials, Processing and Devices, Madrid, Spain (July 2003). 2003

International Journal of Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing (edited issues)
K. J. Kim (ed.). International Journal of Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing Vol. 11, No. 1, 2, 3 and 4 (2003).

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites as Smart Materials under Subzero Temperature Conditions
J. W. Paquette and K. J. Kim. (Invited Paper), Proceedings of MRS Symposium, Vol. 785, D8.1, Boston, MA (December 2003). 2003

Ionomeric Electro-Active Polymer Artificial Muscle – Overview
J. W. Paquette and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Unmanned Untethered Submersible Technology (UUST03), (August 2003). 2003

Low Temperature Operation of Ionic Polymer Metal Composites Actuators
* J. W. Paquette , K. J. Kim, and A. Fuchs. Proceeding of SPIE 10th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, San Diego, California, Vol. 5051, pp. 254-261 (March 2003). 2003

Polarization Effect of Electroactive Cellulose
* C.-H. Je and K. J. Kim. Proceeding of SPIE 10th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, San Diego, California, Vol. 5051, pp. 534-539 (March 2003). 2003

The Effect of Nano-Tailored Surfaces on Steam Condensation
S. Vemuri, K. J. Kim , B. D. Wood, S. Govindaraju, and T. W. Bell. Proceedings of IMECE 2003, November, Washington DC, #43083 (November 2003). 2003

Experimental Study of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites in Various Cation Forms: Actuation Behavior
M. Shahinpoor and K. J. Kim. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 10(6), 423-436 (2002) [DOI]

Development of Three Dimensional Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites as Artificial Muscles
K. J. Kim and M. Shahinpoor. Polymer 43(3), 797-802 (2002) [DOI]

Novel Physically-Loaded and Interlocked Electrode Developed for Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (IPMCs)
M. Shahinpoor and K. J. Kim. Sensors and Actuator: A. Physical 96(2/3), 125-132 (2002) [DOI]

A Study on Elongation/Contraction Behavior and Mechanical Properties on Oxy-Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Fiber in Basic/Acidic Solution
S. W. Kim, K. S. Lee, I. H. Cho, J. H. Lee, J. W. Lee, Y. K. Lee, K. J. Kim and J. D. Nam. Polymer Korea 26(4), 468-476 (2002) [DOI]

Morphological Behavior of oxy-PAN Fiber Upon pH Variation
J. C. Kim, H. J. Kim, D. G. Yoo, C. J. Jung, J.-D. Kim, Y. K. Kim, and K. J. Kim. Polymer Korea 26(4), 492-500 (2002) [DOI]

Mass Transfer Induced Hydraulic Actuation in Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites
M. Shahinpoor and K. J. Kim. Journal of Intelligent Materials Systems and Structures  13(6), 369-376 (2002) [DOI]

The Influence of Source Terms on a Gradient-Based Curvilinear Grid Scheme Applied to a Reacting Flow
G. M. Lloyd, A. Razani, and K. J. Kim. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 23(3), 317-329 (2002) [DOI]

Solid-state Soft Actuator Exhibiting Large Electromechanical Effect
M. Shahinpoor and K. J. Kim. Applied Physics Letter 80(18), 3445-3447 (2002) [DOI]

Second Law Analysis and Optimization of a Combined Triple Power Cycle
I. O. Marrero, A. M. Lefsaker, A. Razani, and K. J. Kim. Energy Conversion and Management 43(4), 557-573 (2002) [DOI]

An Electric Circuit Model for Ionic Polymer Metal Composites
* J. W. Paquette and K. J. Kim. First World Congress on Biomimetics and Artificial Muscles (BAM)-CD Proceedings (December 2002). 2002

An Equivalent Circuit Model for Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites and Their Performance Improvement by a Clay-Based Polymer Nano-Composite Technique
J. W. Paquette, K. J. Kim , J.-D. Nam, and Y. S. Tak. Proceedings of ASME IMECE’02, New Orleans, LA, Paper # ASMS40 (2002). 2002

Applications of Polyelectrolytes in Ionic Polymeric Sensors, Actuators, and Artificial Muscles
K. J. Kim and M. Shahinpoor. Handbook of Polyelectrolytes (eds. S. Tripathy, J. Kumar, and H. S. Nalwa) Vol. 3, Chapter 1, American Scientific Press (ASP) (2002). [PubMed]

Development of Electroactive Silicate Nanocomposites Prepared for Use as Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (IPMC’s) Artificial Muscles and Sensors
* J.-D. Nam, J. H. Lee, H.R. Choi, H. M. Kim, J. W. Jeon, J. Paquette, K. J. Kim , Y. S. Tak, and H. Xu. Proceeding of SPIE 9th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, San Diego, California, Vol. 4695, pp. 387-394 (March 2002). 2002

Electrically-Controllable Deformation Memory Effects in Ionic Polymers
* M. Shahinpoor and K. J. Kim. Proceeding of SPIE 9th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, San Diego, California, Vol. 4695, pp. 85-94 (March 2002). 2002

Electroactive Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers as Artificial Nano-Muscles
* M. Shahinpoor, I. D. Norris, B. R. Mattis, K. J. Kim , and L. O. Sillerud. Proceeding of SPIE 9th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, San Diego, California, Vol. 4695, pp. 351-358 (March 2002). 2002

Initial Assessment of Small Systems (MEMS and NEMS) Course Taught in an Undergraduate and Graduate Classroom
J. W. Paquette and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of ASME IMECE’02, New Orleans, LA (2002). 2002

Investigation of a Metal Hydride Artificial Muscle
* K. J. Kim , G. Lloyd, J. Detweiler, M. Shahinpoor, and A. Razani. First World Congress on Biomimetics and Artificial Muscles (BAM)-CD Proceedings (December 2002). 2002

Investigation of a Solar-Thermal Bio-mimetic Metal Hydride Actuator
G. Lloyd, K. J. Kim , A. Razani, and M. Shahinpoor. Proceedings of the International Solar Eng. Conf., Solar Engineering 2002 Conference/ASME 2002, Vol. SED2002-1066, pp. 301-308, Reno, Nevada (June 2002). 2002

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites – Manufacturing Techniques
* K. J. Kim. (Invited Paper), First World Congress on Biomimetics and Artificial Muscles (BAM)-CD Proceedings (December 2002). 2002

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites – Manufacturing Techniques
* K. J. Kim and M. Shahinpoor. Proceeding of SPIE 9th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, San Diego, California, Vol. 4695, pp. 210-219 (March 2002). 2002

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites: Fundamentals and Phenomenological Modeling
* M. Shahinpoor and K. J. Kim. Proceeding of SPIE 9th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, San Diego, California, Vol. 4695, pp. 294-302 (March 2002). 2002

Novel Metal Hydride Artificial Muscles
M. Shahinpoor and K. J. Kim. US Patent 6,405,532 June 18, 2002.

Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers as Artificial Nanomuscles
* K. J. Kim , J. Caligiuri, K. Choe, R. Samatham, M. Shahinpoor, I. D. Norris, and B. R. Mattis. First World Congress on Biomimetics and Artificial Muscles (BAM)-CD Proceedings (December 2002). 2002

The Effective Use of Heat Transfer Additives for Steam Condensation
K. J. Kim, A. M. Lefsaker, A. Razani, and A. Stone. Applied Thermal Engineering 21(18),1863-1874 (2001) [DOI]

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites – I. Fundamentals
M. Shahinpoor and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 10(4), 819-833 (2001) [DOI]

Formulation and Numerical Solution of Non-local Thermal Equilibrium Equations for Multiple Gas/Solid Porous Metal Hydride Reactors
G. Lloyd, A. Razani, and K. J. Kim. Journal of Heat Transfer 123(3), 520-526 (2001) [DOI]

Metal Hydride Compacts of Improved Thermal Conductivity
K. J. Kim, B. Montoya, A. Razani, and K.-H. Lee. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 26(6), 609-613 (2001) [DOI]

A Thermal Model for Calculation of Heat Transfer Enhancement by Porous Metal Inserts
A. Razani, J. W. Paquette, B. Montoya, and K. J. Kim. Enhanced Heat Transfer 8(6), 411-418 (2001) [DOI]

Enhanced Steam Condensation as a Result of Heat Transfer Additives
A. Stone, J. W. Paquette, K. J. Kim, and A. Razani. International Journal of Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing 10(4), 1-8 (2001)

A Mega-Power Metal Hydride Anthroform Biorobotic Actuator
* M. Shahinpoor and K. J. Kim. Proceeding of SPIE 8th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, Newport Beach, California, Vol. 4327, pp. 110-117 (March 2001). 2001

A Novel Physically-Loaded and Interlocked Electrode Developed for Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (IPMCs)
* M. Shahinpoor and K. J. Kim. Proceeding of SPIE 8th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, Newport Beach, California, Vol. 4329, pp. 174-181 (March 2001). 2001

Design, Development, and Testing of a Multi-Fingered Mammalian Heart Compression/Assist Device Equipped with IPMC
* M. Shahinpoor and K. J. Kim. Proceeding of SPIE 8th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, Newport Beach, California, Vol. 4329, pp. 411-420, (March 2001). 2001

Development of NiSorb Heat Pumps
* K. T. Feldman, Jr., C. Jensen, A. Razani, and K. J. Kim. CD-RM Proceedings of the 2001 NSF Design, Service & Manufacturing Grantees & Research Conference (produced by Engineering Professional Program-University of Washington), Tampa, Florida (January 2001). 2001

Development of Three Dimensional Polymeric Artificial Muscles
* K. J. Kim and M. Shahinpoor. Proceeding of SPIE 8th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, Newport Beach, California, Vol. 4329, pp. 223-232 (March 2001). 2001

Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Ammonia-Water Solution
K. J. Kim and K. E. Herold. ASHRAE Handbook - Fundamentals pp. 19.82 (1997 and 2001, in both SI and English units). [PubMed]

Evaluation of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (IPMC) for Use as DC Mechanical Sensors
B. K. Henderson, S. Lane, M. Shahinpoor, K. J. Kim , and D. Leo. Proceeding of AIAA Space 2001 Conference and Exposition, Albuquerque, New Mexico, AIAA 2001-4600 (August 2001). 2001

Fully Dry Solid-State Artificial Muscles Exhibiting Giant Electromechanical Effect
* M. Shahinpoor and K. J. Kim. Proceeding of SPIE 8th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, Newport Beach, California, Vol. 4329, pp. 428-435 (March 2001). 2001

Novel Ionic Polymeric Hydraulic Actuators
* M. Shahinpoor and K. J. Kim. Proceeding of SPIE 8th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, Newport Beach, California, Vol. 4329, pp. 164-173 (March 2001). 2001

Second Law Analysis and Optimization of a Combined Cycle with Integrated Compressor Inlet Air Cooling
A. Razani, M. Patterson, and K. J. Kim. CD Proceedings of International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, New York, CD 3, AES 8B (November 2001). 2001

Sensing Capabilities of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites
* M. Shahinpoor, K. J. Kim , B. K. Henderson, and D. Leo. Proceeding of SPIE 8th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, Newport Beach, California, Vol. 4328, pp. 267-274 (March 2001). 2001

The Influence of Source Terms on a Gradient-based Curvilinear Grid Scheme Applied to a Non-local Thermal Equilibrium Reacting Flow
G. Lloyd, A. Razani, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of International Symposium on Advances in Computational Heat Transfer, Palm Cove, Queensland, Australia, pp. 493-501 (May 2001). 2001

The Synthesis of Nano-Scale Platinum Particles-Their Role in Performance Improvement of Artificial Muscles and Fuel Cells
* K. J. Kim and M. Shahinpoor. Proceeding of SPIE 8th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, Newport Beach, California, Vol. 4329, pp. 189-198 (March 2001). 2001

Electric Activation of Artificial Muscles Containing Polyacrylonitrile Gel Fibers
H. B. Schreyer, N. Gebhart, K. J. Kim, and M. Shahinpoor. Biomacromolecules 1(4), 642-647 (2000) [DOI] [PubMed]

Thermal Design of an Efficient Compressor Driven Absorption Heat Pump
A. Razani, K. J. Kim, and K. T. Feldman, Jr. International Journal of Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing 9(3), 49-58 (2000)

The Effect of Surface-Electrode Resistance on the Performance of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite (IPMC) Artificial Muscles
M. Shahinpoor and K. J. Kim. Smart Materials and Structures 9(4), 543-551 (2000) [DOI]

Mechanoelectric Effects in Ionic Gels
P. G. de Gennes, K. Okumura, M. Shahinpoor, and K. J. Kim. Europhysics Letters 50(4), 513-518 (2000) [DOI]

Artificial Sarcomere and Muscle Made with Conductive Polyacrylonitrile (C-PAN) Fiber Bundles
* M. Shahinpoor, K. J. Kim , and H. B. Schreyer. Proceedings of SPIE 7th International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, Newport Beach, California, Vol. 3687, pp. 243-251 (March 2000). 2000

Effects Counter-ions on the Performance of IPMCs
* M. Shahinpoor and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of SPIE 7th International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, Newport Beach, California, Vol. 3687, pp. 110-120 (March 2000). 2000

Environmentally Conscious Energy Systems-I
K. J. Kim and L. Vasiliev (ed.). International Journal of Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing Vol. 9, No. 3 (2000).

Environmentally Conscious Energy Systems-II
K. J. Kim and L. Vasiliev (ed.). International Journal of Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing Vol. 9, No. 4 (2000).

Preparation of IPMCs for Use in Fuel Cells, Electrolysis, and Hydrogen Sensors
* K. J. Kim , M. Shahinpoor, and A. Razani. Proceedings of SPIE 7th International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, Newport Beach, California, Vol. 3687, pp. 311-320 (March 2000). 2000

The Effect of Repetitive Insertion and Pullout of Spinal Screws on Pullout Resistance: A Biomedical Study
K. H. Bak, J. W. Chung, J. M. Kim, C. H. Kim, L. Ferrara, E. C. Benzel, and K. J. Kim (ed. by Monduzzi Editore S.p.A. - MEDIMOND Inc., A827/C/0188). Proceedings of First Interdisciplinary World Congress on SPINAL SURGERY and Related Disciplines, Berlin, Germany, pp. 55-63 (August 27-September 1, 2000). 2000

Performance Enhancement of a Diffusion-Absorption Refrigerator
J. Chen, K. J. Kim, and K. E. Herold. International Journal of Refrigeration 19(3), 208-218 (1996) [DOI]

Blood Pressure, Pulse Rate and Rhythm Measurement Using Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites Sensors
* A. Keshavarzi, M. Shahinpoor, K. J. Kim , and J. Lantz. Proceedings of SPIE/Smart Structures and Materials/Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices, Newport Beach, California, Vol. 3669, pp. 369-30 (March 1999). 1999

Electrical Activation of PAN-Pt Artificial Muscles
* H. B. Schreyer, M. Shahinpoor, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of SPIE/Smart Structures and Materials/Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices, Newport Beach, California, Vol. 3669, pp. 192-198 (March 1999). 1999

Electro-Active Polymer Materials for Solid Polymer Fuel Cells
* K. J. Kim , M. Shahinpoor, and A. Razani. Proceedings of SPIE/Smart Structures and Materials/Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices, Newport Beach, California, Vol. 3669, pp. 385-393 (March 1999). 1999

NLTE Computational Results for Reacting Flow in Two-phase Gas/Solid Porous Media
G. M. Lloyd, A. Razani, and K. J. Kim. Proceedings of 1999 ASME National Heat Transfer Conference, Albuquerque, New Mexico (August 1999). 1999

The Effect of the Surface-Electrode Resistance on the Actuation of the Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (IPMCs) Artificial Muscles
* K. J. Kim and M. Shahinpoor. Proceedings of SPIE/Smart Structures and Materials/Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices, Newport Beach, California, Vol. 3669, pp. 308-319 (March 1999). 1999

Use of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites (IPMCs) as a Pressure Transducer in the Human Spine
* L. Ferrara, M. Shahinpoor, K. J. Kim , H. B. Schreyer, A. Keshavarzi, E. Benzel, and J. Lantz. Proceedings of SPIE/Smart Structures and Materials/Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices, Newport Beach, California, Vol. 3669, pp. 394-401 (March 1999). 1999

Performance Characteristics of a Compressor-driven Metal Hydride Refrigerator
G. Lloyd, A. Razani, and K. J. Kim. Journal of Energy Resources Technology 120(4), 305-313 (1998) [DOI]

Thermal Analysis of the Ca0.4Mm0.6Ni5 Metal-Hydride Reactor
K. J. Kim, G. Lloyd, K. T. Feldman, Jr., and A. Razani. Applied Thermal Engineering 18(12), 1325-1336 (1998) [DOI]

Compressor-Driven Heat Pump Development Employing Porous Metal Hydride Compacts
K. J. Kim, K. T. Feldman, Jr., G. Lloyd, and A. Razani. ASHRAE Transactions 104(1), 1434-1445 (1998) (Conference) [DOI]

Development of LaNi5/Cu/Sn Metal Hydride Powder Composites
K. J. Kim, G. Lloyd, A. Razani, and K. T. Feldman, Jr. Powder Technology 99, 40-45 (1998) [DOI]

A New Absorption Heat Pumps
 K. T. Feldman, Jr., C. Jensen, K. J. Kim, and A. Razani. ASHRAE Transactions 104(1), 1427-1433 (1998)

Solid Polymer Fuel Cells for the Next Century
K. J. Kim, A. Razani, and M. Shahinpoor. International Journal of Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing 7(3), 17-46 (1998)

Performance of High Power Metal Hydride Reactors
K. J. Kim, K. T. Feldman, Jr., G. M. Lloyd, A. Razani, and K. Shanahan. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 23(5), 355-362 (1998) [DOI]

Thermal Conductivity Measurements of Metal Hydride Compacts Developed for High-Power Reactors
G. Lloyd, K. J. Kim, A. Razani, and K. T. Feldman, Jr. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 12(2), 132-137 (1998) [DOI]

Heat Pumps Using Organometallic Liquid Absorbent
K. T. Feldman, Jr., C. M. Jensen, K. J. Kim , and A. Razani. Proceedings of the ASME Advanced Energy Systems Division – Symposium on Working Media for Heat Pumps, Anaheim, California, AES-Vol. 38, pp. 403-407 (November 1998). 1998

Metal Hydrides for Solar-Thermal Applications
G. Lloyd, K. J. Kim , and A. Razani. Proceedings of 27th American Solar Energy Society (ASES) Annual Conference, Albuquerque, New Mexico, pp. 439-444 (June 1998). 1998

Cooling power/efficiency diagrams for compressor-driven metal hydride heat pump
G. M. Lloyd, A. Razani, K. J. Kim, K. T. Feldman, Jr., and T. R. Way. ASHRAE Transactions 103(1), PH-97-1-3 (1997) (Conference) [DOI]

Absorption of Hydrogen in LaNi4.75Al0.25/N-Octane Slurries
K. J. Kim, K. T. Feldman, Jr., G. Lloyd, and A. Razani. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research  36(9), 3920-3926 (1997) [PubMed]

Cooling Power and Efficiency Diagram for Compressor-driven Metal Hydride Slurry Air-conditioners
K. J. Kim, K. T. Feldman, Jr., and A. Razani. Energy 22(8), 787-796 (1997) [DOI]

Heat-driven Hydride Slurry Heat Pumps
K. J. Kim, K. T. Feldman, Jr., and A. Razani. International Journal of Refrigeration 20(5), 339-351 (1997) [DOI]

Compressor Driven Metal Hydride Heat Pumps
K. J. Kim, K. T. Feldman, Jr., G. Lloyd, and A. Razani. Applied Thermal Engineering 17(6), 551-560 (1997) [DOI]

Non-absorbable Gas Effects on Heat and Mass Transfer in Wavy Laminar Film Absorption
T. A. Ameel, K. J. Kim, and B. D. Wood. Solar Energy 60(6), 301-311 (1997) [DOI]

Performance Evaluations of LiCl and LiBr for Absorber Design Applications in the Open Cycle Absorption Refrigeration System
K. J. Kim, T. A. Ameel, and B. D. Wood. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering  119(2),165-173 (1997) [DOI]

Measurement of Small Concentrations of Gases in a Low Pressure Water Vapor Mixture
T. A. Ameel, K. J. Kim, and B. D. Wood. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 11(4), 582-584 (1997) [DOI]

Solubility of Hydrogen in Octane, 1-Octanol, and Squalane
K. J. Kim, T. R. Way, K. T. Feldman Jr., and A. Razani. Journal of Chemical Engineering Data 42(1), 214-215 (1997) [PubMed]

Two-Temperature Integral Analysis of a Compressor-Driven Metal Hydride Heat Pump
G. Lloyd, A. Razani, K. J. Kim , and K. T. Feldman, Jr. Proceedings of the International Mechanical Congress and Exposition-ASME, Dallas, Texas, AES-5: Heat Pumps and Refrigeration Design, Analysis, and Application (The Best Paper Award), pp. 371-382 (November 1997). 1997

The Interfacial Turbulence in Falling Film Absorption: Effect of Additives
K. J. Kim, N. S. Berman, and B. D. Wood. International Journal of Refrigeration 19(5), 322-330 (1996) [DOI]

Absorption of water vapor into LiBr solutions with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol
K. J. Kim, N. S. Berman, and B. D. Wood. AICHE Journal 42(3), 884-888 (1996) [DOI]

Compressor Driven Metal Hydride Heat Pumps
K. T. Feldman, Jr., K. J. Kim , T. Way, G. Lloyd and A. Razani. Proceedings of the International Ab-sorption Heat Pump Conference'96, Montreal, Canada, pp. 497-503 (September 1996). 1996

Development of Metal Hydride Composites for Refrigeration
* K. T. Feldman, Jr., K. J. Kim , J. W. Congdon, and K. Shanahan. Proceedings of the Appliance Manufacturer Conference & Expo., Nashville (September 1996). 1996

Heat Transfer Additives for Use in High Temperature Applications
K. J. Kim , S. Kulankara, K. E. Herold, and C. Miller. Proceedings of the International Ab-sorption Heat Pump Conference'96, Montreal, Canada, pp. 89-97 (September 1996). 1996

Performance Evaluations of LiCl and LiBr for Absorber Design Applications in the Open Cycle Absorption Refrigeration System
K. J. Kim , T. A. Ameel, and B. D. Wood. Proceedings of the International Ab-sorption Heat Pump Conference'96, Montreal, Canada, pp. 769-778 (September 1996). 1996

Absorption of Water Vapor into Falling Films of Aqueous Lithium-Bromide
K. J. Kim, N. S. Berman, D. S. C. Chau, and B. D. Wood. International Journal of Refrigeration 7(7), 486-494 (1995) [DOI]

Hotel Room Air-conditioner Design Based on the Diffusion-Absorption Cycle
K. J. Kim, Z. Shi, J. Chen, and K. E. Herold. ASHRAE Transactions 101, Pt. 1, 1290-1301 (1995 (Conference)

Experimental Evaluation of Enhancement Additives for the Absorption of Water Vapor into Aqueous LiBr
K. J. Kim , S. Kulankara, and K. E. Herold. Proceedings of the International Mechanical Engineering Cong. and Expo., San Francisco, AES-Vol. 34, pp. 183-192 (November 1995). 1995

Dynamic Surface Tension of Aqueous Lithium Bromide with 2-Ethyl-1-Hexanol,”International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer
K. J. Kim and V. P. Janule. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 21(6), 839-848 (1994) [DOI]

Experimental Investigation of Enhanced Heat and Mass Transfer Mechanisms Using Additives for Vertical Falling Film Absorber
K. J. Kim , N. S. Berman, and B. D. Wood. Proceedings of the International Absorption Heat Pump Conference'94, New Orleans, AES-Vol. 31, pp. 41-47 (January 1994). 1994

Surface Tension of Aqueous Lithium Bromide + 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol
K. J. Kim, N. S. Berman, and B. D. Wood. Journal of Chemical Engineering Data 39, 122-124 (1994) [PubMed]

The Interfacial Turbulence in Falling Film Absorption: Effects of Additives
* K. J. Kim , N. S. Berman, and B. D. Wood. Proceedings of the Munchen Discussion Meeting'94: Heat Transfer Enhancement by Additives, Munchen (October 1994). 1994

The Interfacial Turbulence in Falling Films with Mass Transfer
K. J. Kim , N. S. Berman, and B. D. Wood. Proceedings of the Third JSME-KSME Fluids Engineering Conference, Sendai, Japan, pp. 50-55 (July 1994). 1994

Solubility of Oxygen in Aqueous Lithium Bromide Using Electrochemical Technique
D. S. C. Chau, B. D. Wood, N. S. Berman, and K. J. Kim. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 20, 643-652 (1993) [DOI]